Essay --

How to Increase the Value of Malaysian Ringgit Based on our findings, we reached into the conclusion that there a two significant ways to improve, stabilize and probably increase the value of Malaysian Ringgit internationally. First, the government should maintain the policy of open economy and also considering the usage of gold dinar in the currency system instead of fiat monetary system. Maintain the Policy of Open Economic Malaysia is a small and open economy which involved heavily in international trade. The economic theory suggested by Dornbush (1974) highlighted that the elimination of tariff (greater trade openness) will cause currency depreciation by reducing the price of exportable goods and increase the price of importable goods. Since the results showed that open economic policy can cause the depreciation of RM/USD, Malaysia should maintain the policy of open economic. Open economic policy has successfully raised Malaysia position in the international trade. Currency depreciation increases the competitiveness of Malaysia exporters and encourages domestic producer and importer to venture into cost effective production mode to save costs. Although increase in Malaysia trade balance tends to depreciate RM, but the control of Malaysia on the trade balance is limited as the increase in trade balance depend on the purchasing power of the foreign importers and the competitiveness level too. Results also indicate that increment in domestic interest rate will dampen our exchange rate and increase in money supply, on the other hand, strength the RM. This finding shows that monetary policy is a useful tool in controlling the movement of Malaysian Ringgit. While increase in the interest rate could cause further capital inflows tha... ...ry. The three main factors are the use of gold and silver as a currency, to avoid currency devaluation, and to limit printing of loose money (fulus). In addition, manipulation of currencies and the impact toward one economy could be reduced because of the fact that gold does not inflate in value as it is a commodity and, thus, has an intrinsic value. Dr. Mahathir Mohamad said that gold was also open to some risk of speculation but it was safer than conventional currency which had no intrinsic value and could be manipulated indefinitely (The Star, 2002). All these problems arise because the world went off the Gold Standard. In the International Conference on Gold Dinar Economy 2007, Tun Dr Mahathir noted that in the case of paper people will have risk in losing their value and also purchasing power. He stressed back that only Gold Dinar really has a value in it.

Hiding emotions: lessons from the past Essay

While it is true that emotions separate humans from beasts, it cannot be denied that emotions are also the reason behind the unprecedented fall of every man and woman. It is the ability to feel that has allowed the wisest kings and greatest generals to experience the bitter consequences of failure and defeat. Indeed, emotions can turn into a great liability. It is for this reason that A. E Houseman warned the reader about the dangers and pitfalls of dwelling too much on one’s feelings. On a closer observation of the poem, its over-all theme provides a preview of how emotions transforms into a cunning foe. It also renders an explanation on how experience functions as mankind’s greatest teacher. This is something that cannot be merely equated to articulating and remembering the painful memories of a lost love. On a closer analysis, the poem’s persona is an adult that initially reminisces the frivolity of his or her youth. Under this context, it can be observed that the author expressed age in a different manner. Instead of directly stating â€Å"twenty-one,† the author stated â€Å"one and twenty. † Yet, it can be argued that such style was not merely used to showcase a polished rhyme scheme. Far beyond that, this technique adds to the artistic and creative integrity of the poem. But more than anything else, it can be seen that twenty one (21) connotes deeper meanings. More often than not, twenty-one signifies the time or period in one’s life wherein he or she can do almost everything. In many countries, this is considered as the legal age. Along with age, confidence and self-esteem grow. Because of these, many individuals tend to be overly impulsive and let their emotions govern them, without taking into consideration, the possible implications or effects that their respective actions may produce. In the poem, the lines â€Å"Give crowns and pounds and guineas; But not your heart away,† serves as a piece of advice or even a warning sign for that matter about the dangers of being too emotional. On a deeper context, the heart symbolizes the emotions or sentiments that each and every individual feel. Oftentimes, the heart as a symbol is used to refer to romantic relationships. But then again, there are different kinds of emotions that the heart feels. It can range from passionate love to extreme anger. Therefore, if an individual allows his or her emotion, he or she could be trapped in uncompromising situations. Somehow, the poem does not encourage its readers from being too transparent. Under real-life scenarios, it can be readily observed that many have suffered, not only because they are too focused on their emotions, but also because they enabled other individuals to see their motives and intentions. There is no doubt that emotions are capable of reflecting one’s strength and weaknesses, which, in return, can lead to the destruction of their lives. In this aspect, it is also important to note that the heart is one of the most important organs in one’s body. Therefore, to freely give it away, as the poem suggests, is synonymous to ending one’s life. This is something that cannot be immediately replaced compared to valuable materials such as crowns, pounds, guineas, pearls and rubies that were mentioned in the poem. The ability to hide one’s emotion is further supported by the lines â€Å"The heart out of the bosom; Was never given in vain; Tis paid with sighs a-plenty; And sold for endless rue. † In here, the heart or the emotion is presented as if it is a big secret. The phrase â€Å"out of the bosom,† thus denotes the unveiling or revelation of the secret which can result to regrets and resentment. On the other hand, the persona also speaks of how he or she has learned from experience. The â€Å"wise man† symbolizes â€Å"experience. † More often than not, the lessons in life are not fully understood or given much importance not unless an individual goes through it. Along with age and experience, an individual becomes wiser and careful about the decisions that he or she makes. This is something that the persona has ultimately learned. The persona went through the consequences of revealing his or her emotions—the persona was put into the hot waters when he or she heavily relied on his or her feelings and because of this, his or her experience provided lessons in life that cannot be discounted. The last line â€Å"And oh, tis true, tis true,† does not necessarily equate to regrets, but more of an affirmation of the lessons imbibe

Essay on Polio an American Story by David M.Ochinsky

BOOK REVIEW POLIO AN AMERICAN STORY BY DAVID M.OCHINSKY PHAR 6605 Pharmaceutical Industry structure and government regulations PRESENTED BY: Asakiran Nadikatla PRESENTED TO: Gerard Cleaves Polio an American story is a scholarly readable and informative book which covers the lives of many American eminent scientists who struggled a lot to eradicate polio. This book mainly focuses on the mid twentieth century where the people are very eager to find a vaccine to eradicate polio .This book also covers the entire topics from appearance of polio symptoms to post polio syndrome which shows the valuable thesis done by David M. Oshinsky. Throughout this book he has mined the personal lives of Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk, Thomas†¦show more content†¦He also gave the detailed description and reasons beyond approval of polio vaccine by Sabin, As Sabin’s vaccine is not contaminated and it is easy to administer at the same time it can effective over long periods. The author also States that Isabel Morgan most talented researcher among all polio researchers he also states that she might beaten the Salk’s prize if she did not retired by then. He also gave brief description about National foundation for infantile paralysis which was established in 19th century by FDR and Basil O conor it helped in bringing awareness about polio in entire America .It also changed the way of sanctioning license to release the tested new drugs into the market, and also the way in which legal system dealt with manufacturers liability for using the unsafe and harmful products. He also focused on the work done by Isabel Morgan and her contributions to develop the polio vaccine and achieved success about the creation of a killed virus vaccine which worked on monkeys, but she decided to take care of her family rather than developing the vaccine further. David M Oshinsky author of Polio An American story believes and also stated that Morgan could have beaten Salk’s if she continued her research she was two years advanced when compared to the Salk’s vaccine. In this book he clearly portrayed polio from different perspective, He narrated stories of different researchers he mined their